Indeed, the last point about market memory is one of the philosophical foundations of the Markov property. Under this ...

A bull call spread is an options strategy used to profit from moderate increases in the underlying asset’s price while limiting risk. It involves buying a call option at a lower strike price and ...

A bear call spread is a type of vertical spread, meaning that two options within the same expiry month are being traded. One call option is being sold, which generates a credit for the trader. Another ...

Bull call spreads involve buying and selling call options at different strike prices. This strategy caps potential losses to the net debit paid while also capping gains. Used by investors expecting ...