What are “complex systems” in this context? These are noncomputer systems, such as a company’s supply chain. A system is “complex” when it has so many variables and interacting forces that it can’t be ...

This paper examines how female superintendents can apply complex adaptive systems leadership in a volatile and complex K-12 educational environment.

Adaptive systems were supposed to simplify decision-making. Instead of hard-coded rules, engineers built models that could learn from data, respond to change, and improve over time. That promise still ...

Forbes contributors publish independent expert analyses and insights. Ron Schmelzer covers AI and data best practices at Forbes since 2018 Around a decade ago, as AI gained renewed attention, one of ...

In today's fast-paced business world, small changes can lead to significant outcomes. As in nature, where simple interactions create complex systems, businesses operate within intricate networks. This ...

Fleming, L., and O. Sorenson. "Technology as a Complex Adaptive System: Evidence from Patent Data." Research Policy 30, no. 7 (August 2001).