For more than a century, neuroscience has treated consciousness as something the brain manufactures, like a factory turning ...

Is consciousness everywhere? In every rock and atom? That is what panpsychists like the philosopher Philip Goff believe. They ...

Koch, who studied vision, thought that by measuring people's brain responses as they looked at special optical illusions, ...

i) neutral between the view that consciousness is (to simplify) identical to parts of your brain and what goes on inside of ...

The brain in a jar is a different inquiry than traditional questions about artificial intelligence. The brain in a jar asks whether thinking requires a thinker. The possibility of artificial ...

More and more experts seem open to the possibility of AI systems being conscious. David Chalmers, the renowned philosopher ...

Purposes of pleasure and pain? Our conscious experience makes up our lives, often through positive pleasure: I feel the warm sun on my skin, I hear the singing of birds, I enjoy the moment. Yet we ...

Do trees have minds? A friend posed this question during one of the high school afternoons we habitually spent—no doubt with too much time on our hands—engaging in amateur philosophical banter. It ...

Understanding how the brain creates conscious experience remains one of science’s most difficult challenges. Brain scans and ...