Stop falling for misleading headlines. Understand the difference between correlation and causation, and learn how researchers prove real scientific facts.

Almost every day you can find in media commentary that XYZ is causing stocks to fall (or rise). Such definitive statements are common—but what’s almost always missing is statistical proof. And if you ...

Suppose estimates are available for correlations between pairs of variables but that the matrix of correlation estimates is not positive definite. In various applications, having a valid correlation ...

Jonathan Borwein (Jon) receives funding from the ARC. Michael Rose does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...