Fair apportionment is a constitutional requirement. According to Complete Auto Transit Inc. v. Brady, 430 U.S. 274 (1977), to be fairly apportioned, a state tax on corporate income must be limited to ...
Market participants seeking to target the systematic equity risk premia associated with single factors should understand that historical performances for each factor have been cyclical and have ...
This chapter describes methods that have been used by many agencies for a long period of time to create temporal factor groups and assign counts to them based on easily identifiable characteristics.