Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

Modern oscilloscopes capture, view, measure, and analyze complex RF signals in the time, frequency, and modulation domains. Time-domain analysis, the original oscilloscope function, allows users to ...

An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) sampling rate is determined by a clock signal that controls how often a voltage snapshot is taken for each conversion. However, clock signal timing isn’t perfect, ...

Listen to the pop, sizzle, and hum. Look at the bars and wavy lines. These and other characteristics of electromagnetic interference (EMI) are very familiar. RF energy is radiated from a culprit ...