Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic B cells. While autoreactive T cells are key ...

Innate immune sensors – known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) – detect specific molecular components of bacterial or ...

Virus-associated cancers are a significant and persistent global health challenge, providing unique insight into the relationship between chronic infection ...

Humans are protected by two branches of the immune system. Innate immunity provides built-in defense against widespread characteristics of bacteria and viruses, while adaptive immunity memorizes ...

Most companies focus on the adaptive immune system. Why is Bolt going after the innate immune system? The innate system is the first line of defense that the body has. It’s the immediate response to ...

This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American The very first line of defence against any ...

Read more about Nanoparticle and AI-driven vaccines target broad protection against emerging threats on Devdiscourse ...

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is one of the world’s oldest and most widely used vaccines. It was developed in the early 20th century to provide protection from tuberculosis. Surprisingly, this ...

Phospholipases PLA1, PLA2, PLC, and PLD hydrolyze phospholipids to produce corresponding lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Red arrows indicate the corresponding hydrolysis sites. B) Phospholipases ...