In adding an alternative cutter drive motor (‘spindle’) to an existing cnc machine, an electrically isolated pwm to analogue converter is needed. The machine uses a ‘grbl’ controller, which has an ...

The creative adventures with ATtiny series microcontroller are awesome if you know how to play them. ATtinys — especially the ATtiny85s — are all around us, and by using one, we can shrink the size of ...

…which would take a pulse-width-modulated waveform at any frequency, and produce a signal with exactly the same mark/space ratio, but at a nominated frequency (see ‘Why might this be useful?’ below).