Altered trace-metal homeostasis is linked to CKD development and progression, with distinct metallomic signatures correlating with disease stages. Elevated levels of metals like lithium, aluminum, and ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe renal disorder affecting approximately 10%–15% of hospitalized patients and up to 50% in intensive care units (ICUs). Its pathogenesis involves complex ...

Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes the body to produce too few red blood cells. People with advanced kidney disease tend to develop this condition, and it can increase the risk of negative ...

Although tests to directly measure vitamin K levels are available, use of indirect measures may be a more reliable way to assess vitamin K status. Vitamin K gets significant attention with regard to ...

The five stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) indicate how well the kidneys are working, ranging from stage 1 (mild kidney ...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe renal disorder affecting approximately 10%-15% of hospitalized patients and up to 50% in intensive care units (ICUs). Its pathogenesis involves complex ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) develops when the kidneys become less effective over time due to damage. Stage 2 CKD indicates mild kidney damage. CKD progresses from stages 1–5. A person with CKD might ...

AKI can be classified as prerenal, intrinsic, or postrenal, with KDIGO criteria guiding diagnosis. New biomarkers like NGAL and cystatin C allow earlier and more precise detection of AKI. Preventing ...