We've learned that much of Mars isn't all that hospitable to life as we know it after all. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Here’s how it works.

The binary decision-making framework outlined in Chapter 2 provides an alternative to probabilistic estimates of contamination constrained by the uncertain and/or unknowable factors included in the ...

Russia carries out work in the sphere of planetary protection "on its own initiative and without general coordination," Anatoly Zaitsev said MOSCOW, June 30. /TASS/. The United States and other ...

With an increasing number of space missions targeting various celestial bodies, including Mars, Europa, and the Moon, the importance of maintaining the integrity of these environments while protecting ...