Mastery of reading requires developing its highly interrelated major component skills: decoding, vocabulary, fluency and comprehension. These components are discussed separately below, but they work ...

Across the U.S., schools are rethinking how they teach reading, guided by decades of research known as the science of reading. This movement emphasizes explicit, systematic phonics instruction, ...

Three key skills—academic language, perspective taking, and complex reasoning—can predict how well a student does with the kind of deep reading comprehension required in secondary school and beyond, ...

Mini-books and decodable texts are powerful tools for helping young learners connect letter sounds to words, build fluency, and gain reading confidence. By focusing on phonics patterns like consonant ...

Teaching reading has always been a subject of debate, a debate that involves a balancing act of multiple factors. Currently, the “reading wars” are best embodied by debates that are centered on the ...

Every year, early elementary teachers welcome students with a wide range of reading abilities into their classrooms. Some kindergarteners may be reading whole books, for example, while others don’t ...

Decoding letters into sound is a key point in learning to read but is not enough to master it. "Reading calls upon several other essential mechanisms that we don't necessarily think about, such as ...

Five years after the pandemic forced children into remote instruction, two-thirds of U.S. fourth graders still cannot read at grade level. Reading scores lag 2 percentage points below 2022 levels and ...