Discover how efficiency variance reveals the gap between expected and actual inputs in production and its impact on labor, materials, and costs.

A company's planned budget at the beginning of the year will always end up being different from how the year actually plays out. It's just impossible to predict how the year will go. The differences ...

Companies regularly analyze sales variances to explain revenue performance over a monthly, quarterly or yearly accounting cycle. The resulting sales variance explanations help firms isolate problems ...

Green, Jerry R., and Seppo Honkapohja. "Variance-Minimizing Monetary Policies with Lagged Price Adjustment and Rational Expectations." European Economic Review 20, nos. 1-3 (January 1983): 123–141.

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Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of ...

We examine whether changes in the distribution of household inflation expectations contain information on future inflation. We first discuss recent shifts in micro data from the US, UK, Germany, and ...

One basic approach to tail-risk hedging is purchasing out-of-the-money puts or put spreads on equity market indexes such as the Standard & Poor's 500, NASDAQ 100, FTSE, and others. Equity index ...