Source: Darren Edwards What if one of the biggest unsolved problems in mathematics is not just about numbers or computers, but about observers like you and me? This isn’t a proposed solution to P vs ...

This essay offers an epistemological reinterpretation of the foundational divide between matrix mechanics and wave mechanics. Though formally equivalent, the two theories embody distinct modes of ...

In June 2015, Frank Vega introduced a new complexity class (called equivalent-P ), which has a close relation to the P-versus-NP question. The class equivalent-P has those languages that contain ...

In the essay "Some consequences of defining mathematical objects constructively and mathematical truth effectively" from 2004, Bhupinder Singh Anand considers a constructive interpretation of ...

How many atoms are there in the observable universe? Current estimates point to a number we would write as 1 followed by 80 zeroes, or 10 80. If you peered inside each of these atoms and counted their ...

Your browser does not support the audio element. This paper proposes a metaphysical framework that unifies the notions of NP, P, myth, and conscience into a coherent ...

At private gatherings, strategists and donors are swapping ideas to help the party capture the digital mojo that helped President Trump win. Yes, there’s a price tag. By Theodore Schleifer Theodore ...

When one thinks of mathematics, the thought that comes to most peoples’ heads is solving an equation and getting a correct answer. That is the case with many mathematical theorems, including one of ...

Thousands of notoriously difficult problems in computer science are actually the same problem in disguise If you're enjoying this article, consider supporting our award-winning journalism by ...