Some of the most effective brand investments don’t show ROI, attribution or lift. That’s exactly why AI struggles to value ...

From simple enhancements to hallucinated facial features, modern phones choose how our memories will look. You might love the results, but they could alter how we see the world.

When scientists test algorithms that sort or classify data, they often turn to a trusted tool called Normalized Mutual Information (or NMI) to measure how well an algorithm's output matches reality.

The original version of this story appeared in Quanta Magazine. Imagine a town with two widget merchants. Customers prefer cheaper widgets, so the merchants must compete to set the lowest price.

Cryptography secures communication in banking, messaging, and blockchain. Good algorithms (AES, RSA, ECC, SHA-2/3, ChaCha20) are secure, efficient, and widely trusted. Bad algorithms (DES, MD5, SHA-1, ...