Fare dodgers and railcard scammers will find it harder to game the ticket system when new measures launch. Avoiding paying for train journeys can take many forms, from accidental to chronic free ...

Abstract: In recent years, annealing processors (APs), which can efficiently solve combinatorial optimization problems (COPs), have attracted attention. APs indirectly solve COPs by mapping ...

Abstract: A compact, reliable, and straightforward mathematical modeling of the eddy current (EC) braking torque is proposed in this article. First, the braking magnetic force, which curbs the ...

Stone Age people 40,000 years ago used a simple form of writing comparable in complexity to the earliest stages of the world’s first writing system, cuneiform, according to a study of mysterious signs ...