January 9th, Día de los Mártires (Martyrs’ Day) is a Panamanian day of national mourning which commemorates the January 9, 1964 anti-imperialist riots over sovereignty of the Panama Canal Zone. The riot started after a Panamanian flag was torn and Panamanian students were targeted and murdered during a conflict with Canal Zone Police officers and Canal Zone residents. . . U.S. Army units became involved in suppressing the event and responded with brutal force after Canal Zone police were overw

How Black Panamanians Have Made Gold Jewelry an Intrinsic Part of Their Culture